Abstract
Recently, interest in collagen products has increased in the industries However, collagen products that are taken orally have the problem of being degraded by digestive enzymes. Therefore, a collagen peptide buccal delivery film (C-BDF) was developed to enhance the absorption without destruction and a clinical trial was conducted. A C-BDF was developed as a double layer and the permeation of collagen peptide (CP) through swine mucosa was investigated. This clinical study was performed on 43 healthy women, who were divided into either a control (n = 21) or test group (n = 22), over the course of 4 weeks. Skin assessments analyzed the hydration, elasticity, and roughness. In addition, the production of peroxynitrite and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells in supernatant media was conducted. A total of 1 kDa of CP in BDF showed significantly stronger permeation through swine mucosa compared to 3 kDa of CP in BDF. The C-BDF significantly enhanced skin hydration, elasticity, and roughness, and it removed wrinkles with no side effects after 2 weeks of intake. In addition, the production of peroxynitrite and IL-1α after the treatment with CP was significantly increased. Therefore, this study showed that collagen peptides could be completely absorbed into mucosa via a buccal delivery system and homeopathic effects might occur.
Highlights
IntroductionCollagen is the major structural protein of connective tissues and is found in skin, bones, and ligaments because of its biocompatibility, good attachment ability to cells, and wide range of physiological roles [3,4]
Collagen is a polypeptide and is the main component of tissues [1]
Collagen from bovine and porcine sources is used most commonly in the industries these sources carry the risk of zoonotic diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), and foot and mouth disease (FMD)
Summary
Collagen is the major structural protein of connective tissues and is found in skin, bones, and ligaments because of its biocompatibility, good attachment ability to cells, and wide range of physiological roles [3,4]. It is formed of three α polypeptide chains as a fibrous protein [5]. Collagen from bovine and porcine sources is used most commonly in the industries these sources carry the risk of zoonotic diseases, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), and foot and mouth disease (FMD) Using these animal products goes against some religious teachings [5]. To solve these problems, the demand for collagen from marine sources is increasing
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