Cytokine profiling in the sub-silicone oil fluid after vitrectomy surgeries for refractory retinal diseases

Hiroki Kaneko,Shiang-Jyi Hwang,Yasuki Ito,Kei Takayama,Norie Nonobe,Yasuhito Funahashi,Tetsu Asami,Hiroko Terasaki,Shunsuke Yasuda,Ayana Suzumura,Taichi Tsunekawa,Reona Kimoto,Takeshi Iwase,Shinji Ueno,Hideyuki Shimizu

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03124-x

Hiroki Kaneko, Shiang-Jyi Hwang + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03124-x

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: May 25, 2017
Citations: 24	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Nagoya University, Miyake Eye Hospital

Abstract

Silicone oil (SO) is an intraocular surgical adjuvant that reduces the surgical complications in refractory retinal diseases, although membrane and cellular proliferation is often seen even in SO-filled eyes. We hypothesised that the fluid in the space between the SO and the retina, named the “sub-silicone oil fluid (SOF)”, enhances these biological responses. We proposed a safe method for SOF extraction. We also analysed inflammatory cytokine expressions and SOF osmotic pressures from eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and macular hole-associated retinal detachment (MHRD). Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12p40, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the SOF with PVR were significantly higher than in those with RRD or MHRD. Fibroblast growth factor-2, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-8, VEGF, and transforming growth factor beta 1 levels in eyes with exacerbated PDR indicated a significantly higher expression than those with simple PDR. IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in eyes with exacerbated PVR demonstrated a significantly higher expression than in those with simple PVR. However, there was no difference in SOF osmotic pressure between group of each disease. These studies indicate that disease-specific SOF is a significant reflection of disease status.

Highlights

Silicone oil (SO) is an intraocular surgical adjuvant that reduces the surgical complications in refractory retinal diseases, membrane and cellular proliferation is often seen even in SO-filled eyes
We highlighted the importance of silicone oil fluid (SOF) in demonstrating the disease status in patients with refractory retinal diseases
Lewis et al and Zilis et al reported that SO enhanced peri-silicone proliferation and formation of the preretinal membrane after using SO for advanced PVR16, 17

Summary

Introduction

Silicone oil (SO) is an intraocular surgical adjuvant that reduces the surgical complications in refractory retinal diseases, membrane and cellular proliferation is often seen even in SO-filled eyes. We analysed inflammatory cytokine expressions and SOF osmotic pressures from eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and macular hole-associated retinal detachment (MHRD). In 2004, Asaria et al.[15] named the fluid “retro-oil fluid” and they studied cytokine levels from 13 eyes with PVR While their idea was very innovative, their sample size was small and only three cytokine parameters were reviewed: fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2). We examined multiple inflammatory cytokine levels and osmotic pressures of SOF and of original vitreous fluid from the same eyes with representative severe retinal diseases including RD, PVR, PDR, and macular hole-associated retinal detachment (MHRD)

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