Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Various hematological and biochemical parameters are assessed as biomarkers of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2. In this study, efforts were made to identify the correlation of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-1?) with the liver function enzyme markers, LDH, CRP, Ferritin, and D-dimer. We also assessed the correlation of cytokines with severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 53 serum samples of RT-PCR-positive patients admitted to the hospital. Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-?, IL-1?, and IL-1?) were analyzed with sandwich ELISA. The levels of cytokines were compared between mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19, and the correlation among cytokines, liver function marker enzymes, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were analyzed. Results: Along with CRP, LDH and ferritin, IL-6 showed significant difference between mild, moderate, and severe COVID groups. significant correlation between IL-6 & LDH (p -.002), IL-6 & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-6 & IL-1? (p- .027), IL-1? & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-1? & LDH (p-.027), and IL-1? & TNF-? & (p-.000). Conclusion: Cytokines especially IL-6 correlated with disease severity. Assaying the profile of cytokines could be of immense value in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of COVID-19.
Highlights
Introduction and AimVarious hematological and biochemical parameters are assessed as biomarkers of COVID19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2
Assaying the profile of cytokines could be of immense value in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of COVID-19
Our study showed significant difference with regard to the biochemical markers C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-6 among mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19cases
Summary
Various hematological and biochemical parameters are assessed as biomarkers of COVID19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2. We assessed the correlation of cytokines with severity of COVID-19. The COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2. These positive single-stranded large RNA viruses belong to the beta-coronaviruses subfamily. COVID-19 infection shows an aggressive inflammatory response, releasing a large amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines known as “cytokine storm”. Most important pro-inflammatory cytokines of the innate immune response are IL-1α, TNF- α, and IL-6. Advanced age, underlying comorbidities weakened immune system, cytokine release syndrome and lymphopenia are risk factors for higher severity of illness and death from COVID-19(4). In COVID- 19 epidemic, severe deterioration in some patients is closely associated with dysregulated, excessive cytokine release phenomenon [5]
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