Abstract
Urticaria has various subtypes, and their mechanisms are different from each other. Cytokine levels in peripheral blood fully reflect the degree of inflammation and types of effector cells implicated in the pathogenesis of urticaria. High expressions of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest that acute urticaria is an allergic disease and an inflammatory disease respectively. The expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood of patients with chronic urticaria hint that Th1/Th2 imbalance, activation of Th17, Tc17 and Th9 cells, massive release of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines, and noninflammatory and non-immunological systems are all involved in the occurrence and development of chronic urticaria. It has been gradually revealed that cytokine expression patterns differ among chronic urticaria patients with different response to autologous serum skin test. In addition, expressions of some cytokines are also abnormal in patients with inducible urticaria, such as cold urticaria, delayed pressure urticaria, etc. Key words: Urticaria; Cytokines; Immunity; T-lymphocyte subsets
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