Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus has been identified as an important pathogen associated with acute respiratory disease in calves. An infection model has been developed reflecting the clinical course and the development of pathological signs during a natural BRSV-infection. Calves were infected at age 15-20 weeks and reinfected 14 weeks later. Clinical signs and virus excretion were monitored daily. Blood samples were obtained in the whole period and investigated for the acute phase proteins: haptoglobin and serum amyloid A (SAA) and for the cytokines: interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN(). Haptoglobin and SAA were measured by ELISA and cytokine expression (mRNA) were determined by a quantitative real time RT-PCR (Taq-Man technology). The results showed an induction of IL-6, haptoglobin, SAA and IFNγ, to the first experimental infection, whereas there was a smaller induction of IFNγ, and no induction of IL-6, haptoglobin and SAA in the reinfection. Indication of a correlation was found between IL-6 expression and clinical signs and also acute phase protein induction and clinical signs. Another correlation was found between IFNγ and virus excretion. In conclusion, it seems that early mediators are important for the clinical outcome of infection, and that cytokines and acute phase proteins can be useful as clinical parameters reflecting the establishment, development and severity of the infection.
Highlights
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According to our preliminary data, 1 body condition scoring (BCS) point change corresponded to 72 kg change in Estonian Holstein and 52 kg in Estonian Red primiparous postparturient cows
Summary
To introduce body condition scoring (BCS) in Estonia, repeatability of the scoring of Estonian breeds was evaluated and the relationship of BCS change with body weight (BW) change of primiparous cows was analysed. Every fortnight 42 Estonian Holstein and 24 Estonian Red pregnant heifers and primiparous cows were BC scored (Edmondson's chart) starting from 2 weeks before calving and weighed on a scale once a month from calving to 20 weeks post-partum. According to our preliminary data, 1 BCS point change corresponded to 72 kg change in Estonian Holstein and 52 kg in Estonian Red primiparous postparturient cows. In both breeds 1 BCS point change corresponded to 13% of BW change. Webster G., 1989.A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REARING METHODS ON HEALTH STATUS, IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED CALVES
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