Cytogeographic Distribution and Genome Size Variation in Prairie Cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link)

Abstract

Prairie cordgrass plants (Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link) were examined from 61 locations representing the geographic distribution of prairie cordgrass in the U.S. Using flow cytometry, the genome size of 183 individual plants of prairie cordgrass was determined, and the chromosome counts were obtained. Three distinct ploidy levels were observed: tetraploid (\( \overline x = {1}.{56} {\text{pg}},{2}n = {4} \times = {4}0 \)), hexaploid (\( \overline x { = 2}.{33} {\text{pg}},{2}n = {6} \times = {6}0 \)), and octoploid (\( \overline {\text{x}} { = 3}.0{6} {\text{pg}},{2}n = {8} \times { = 8}0 \)). In the sampled areas, the tetraploid populations extended from the East North Central to the New England regions of the U.S., while the octoploid cytotypes were mostly distributed in the West North Central regions. Populations of the tetraploids and octoploids were found in close proximity in the West North Central (Iowa and Kansas) and the West South Central (Oklahoma) regions. The hexaploid cytotype was found in one mixed population (4x + 6x) occurring in Illinois. No statistically significant intraploidy genome size variation was found in the tetraploid populations, while significant intraploidy genome size variation was found in the octoploid populations. This study precisely defined the geographic distribution of cytotypes in prairie cordgrass throughout the different regions of the U.S. These results provide critical genome size and ploidy distribution information needed to design efficient breeding schemes for high yielding cultivars of prairie cordgrass with local adaption.