Abstract
In this study, karyotype analyses of three species belonging to the genus Sisymbrium L. (Brassicaceae) and grown naturally in Turkey were conducted. These taxa are S. officinale (L.) Scop., S. runcinatum Lag. ex DC. and S. orientale L. The somatic chromosome number of 2n = 14 was reported for all species. Total chromosome lengths are between 1.33 and 2.43 µm in S. officinale, 1.30 and 2.48 µm in S. orientale, 1.02 and 2.18 µm in S. runcinatum. The karyotypes are as follows: S. officinale consists of 12m + 2sm, S. orientale consists of 10m + 4sm and S. runcinatum consists of 10m + 4sm chromosome pairs. S. runcinatum is the most asymmetrical karyotype based on all index values.
Highlights
The family Brassicaceae is the richest in the United States (616 species, 148 endemic) and the second richest in Turkey (606 species, 39 subspecies, 18 varieties, and 226 endemics) in terms of species number (Al-Shehbaz et al, 2007; Al-Shehbaz, 2010; Mutlu, 2012; Mutlu and Karakuş, 2015)
The chromosome numbers of the species belonging to the genus Sisymbrium varies from 2n = 14 to 2n = 42 such as 2n = 14, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28 and 42 (Chromosome Counts Database, http://ccdb.tau.ac.il/home/; Missouri Botanical Garden, http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html and Index to Chromosome Numbers in the Brassicaceae, http://www-brassicaceae.cla.kobe-u.ac.jp/index. html)
New chromosomal data and detailed chromosome measurements are reported in three species of genus Sisymbrium.)
Summary
The family Brassicaceae is the richest in the United States (616 species, 148 endemic) and the second richest in Turkey (606 species, 39 subspecies, 18 varieties, and 226 endemics) in terms of species number (Al-Shehbaz et al, 2007; Al-Shehbaz, 2010; Mutlu, 2012; Mutlu and Karakuş, 2015). Forty species belonging to the family Brassicaceae in Turkey were published as new species in the last decade (Mutlu, 2012; Mutlu and Karakuş, 2015), and this number has continued to increase. The family Brassicaceae has many species of economic importance and consumed as vegetables. These species are Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Sisymbrium is one of 98 genera within the family Brassicaceae (tribe Sisymbrieae DC.) in Turkey. The genus is represented by 11 species in Turkey. The chromosome numbers of the species belonging to the genus Sisymbrium varies from 2n = 14 to 2n = 42 such as 2n = 14, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28 and 42 New chromosomal data and detailed chromosome measurements are reported in three species of genus Sisymbrium.)
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