Abstract
In the present study, the chromosomes numbers were confirmed, 2n = 34 for Amaranthus cruentus Linnaeus, 1759, and 2n = 32 for Amaranthus hypochondriacus Linnaeus, 1753, Amaranthus mantegazzianus Passer, 1864, and Amaranthus caudatus Linnaeus, 1753. The distribution and variability of constitutive heterochromatin were detailed using DAPI-CMA3 banding technique. The position of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was observed using Ag-NOR banding (active loci) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (rDNA-FISH) in the four Amaranthus species. Variations in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin were detected both within the species and between them, with DAPI-CMA3 stain. One chromosome pair having a NOR was found in each studied accession, with exception of Amaranthus caudatus cv. EEA INTA Anguil. This accession presented four rDNA loci (FISH), being active two of them (Ag- banding).
Highlights
The genus Amaranthus Linnaeus,1753 comprises about 50 herbaceous species, most of them are annuals
Several species are cultivated as ornamentals (A. caudatus Linnaeus,1753), vegetables (A. spinosus Linnaeus, 1753 and A. tricolor Linnaeus, 1753), pseudocereals (A. cruentus Linnaeus, 1759, A. hypochondriacus Linnaeus, 1753, A. mantegazzianus Passer, 1864, and A. caudatus Linnaeus, 1753), and some of them are weeds
All the studied accessions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, A. mantegazzianus and A. caudatus presented the chromosome number 2n = 32 and 2n = 34 for A. cruentus, which is in agreement with previous report (Greizerstein and Poggio 1994)
Summary
The genus Amaranthus Linnaeus,1753 comprises about 50 herbaceous species, most of them are annuals. They grow preferentially in warm regions of America. Updated data have indicated that there are two basic chromosome numbers, x = 16 and x = 17, and, in some cases, both numbers were cited for the same species (Grant 1959 a, Pal and Khoshoo 1972, Pal 1972,1973 a, b, Pal et al 1982, Poggio 1988). Greizerstein and Poggio (1992) supported this hypothesis through the analysis of meiotic behavior of species and interspecific hybrids
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