Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered toxic and sub lethal. Saponins arrested chromosomes at metaphase (c-metaphase) up to 100% at 6.25 mg/ml and chromosomal aberrations including micronuclei and nuclear lesion (chromatin lesion) in prophase and interphase at the concentrations 25 and 50 mg/l recorded 1.30-8.30%.
Highlights
Some plants and their natural compounds are the main sources of many medicinal uses in modern medicine
Several plants extract were studied in the effect of mitotic division and the study of chromosomes structure and diagnosed the causes of some chromosomal aberration for which it was diagnosed as a cell-disruptive agent such as colchicine, vinca alkaloid, and Taxol, which were known to inhibit cell division and tumor cell growth, and were commonly used in cancer treatment (28,2)
There are several research programs to evaluate the effect of plant extracts on cell division and their potential use in many research programs; Y. elephantipes was selected to use their crude saponins in the current study that was aimed to study the effect of these saponins on the mitotic division in roots tips of A. cepa and comparison of their effects with cytotoxicity in terms of the mitotic index and the percentage of abnormal cells
Summary
Some plants and their natural compounds are the main sources of many medicinal uses in modern medicine. There are several research programs to evaluate the effect of plant extracts on cell division and their potential use in many research programs; Y. elephantipes was selected to use their crude saponins in the current study that was aimed to study the effect of these saponins on the mitotic division in roots tips of A. cepa and comparison of their effects with cytotoxicity in terms of the mitotic index and the percentage of abnormal cells.
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