Cytogenetic Characteristics of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Southern Vietnam.

Abstract

The cytogenetic characteristics are important factors for risk stratification at diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, cytogenetic profile of Vietnamese patients with AML remains undetermined. In this study, we present the chromosomal data of de novo AML patients in Southern Vietnam. We performed cytogenetic testing for 336 AML patients using G banding. If the patients had suspected abnormalities, fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes of inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26), 5q31, 7q31, t(8;21)(q21.3;q22), 11q23, t(15;17)(q24;q21), inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22)were analyzed. Patients without above aberrations or with normal karyotype were tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization using probe 11q23. We found that the median age was 39 years. According to French - American - British classification, AML-M2 is the most frequent type with 35.1%. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 208 cases, accounting for 61.9%. Among structural abnormalities, t(15;17) was the most common (19.6%), followed by t(8;21) and inv (16)/t(16;16) in 10.1% and 6.2%, respectively. In perspective of chromosomal numerical abnornmalities, loss of sex chromosomes are the most common (7.7%), followed by +8 in 6.8%, -7/del(7q) in 4.4%, +21 in 3.9% and -5/del (5q) in 2.1%. The prevalence of addditional cytogenetic aberrations accompanying with t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16) were 82.4% and 52.4%, repectively. None of +8 cases was associated with t(8;21). Regarding cytogenetic risk assessment according to European Leukemia Net 2017, there were 121 (36%) patients in favorable-risk, 180 (53.6%) in intermediate-risk and 35 (10.4%) in adverse-risk group. In conclusion, this is the first comprehensive cytogenetic profile of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with de novo AML, which helps clinical doctors in prognostic classification for AML patients in Southern Vietnam.