Abstract
ABSTRACT Baryancistrus xanthellus is a species from the Ancistrini tribe known commonly as "amarelinho " or "golden nugget pleco". It is one of the most popular and valued ornamental fishes due to its color pattern. Also, it is an endemic species from the Xingu River occurring from Volta Grande do Xingu, region where the Belo Monte Hydropower Dam is being built, to São Félix do Xingu. The current study aimed to cytogenetically characterize B. xanthellus . Results point to the maintenance of 2n=52, which is considered the most common condition for the tribe, and a single nucleolus organizer region (NOR). Mapping of the 18S rDNA confirmed the NOR sites, and the 5S rDNA was mapped in the interstitial position of a single chromosome pair. The 18S and 5S rDNA located in different pairs constitute an apomorphy in Loricariidae. Large blocks of heterochromatin are present in pairs 1 and 10 and in the regions equivalent to NOR and the 5S rDNA. Data obtained in this study corroborated with the currently accepted phylogenetic hypothesis for the Ancistrini and demonstrate evidence that the genus Baryancistrus occupies a basal position in the tribe.
Highlights
Loricariidae is a widespread family of fish in the Neotropical region, from Costa Rica until Argentina (Reis et al, 2003)
Collection was performed during free dives in the rapids using a collecting permit (ICMBio SISBIO 10609-1/2007) in the name of Eliana Feldberg, and the specimens were deposited in the fish collection of INPA: INPA 43926, 43927, 43928 and 43929
Baryancistrus xanthellus presents a diploid number of 52 chromosomes, (16m+28sm+8st), the fundamental number (FN) was equal 104 for males and females, and no differentiated sexual chromosomes were observed (Fig. 2)
Summary
Loricariidae is a widespread family of fish in the Neotropical region, from Costa Rica until Argentina (Reis et al, 2003). According to Eschmeyer & Fong (2015) and Lujan et al (2015), this family holds around 800 valid species in six subfamilies: Delturinae, Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Lithogeninae, Loricariinae, and Neoplecostominae (Schaefer, 1987; Reis et al, 2003; Armbruster, 2004; Reis et al, 2006). Ancistrini belongs to the Hypostominae and has around 217 species (Fisch-Muller, 2003) distributed in 24 genera (Armbruster, 2004; Ferraris, 2007). This tribe includes several species that are taxonomically poorly known and are often misidentified (Alves et al, 2003). The majority of available studies are based only on morphological data (Isbrücker, 1980; Schaefer, 1986, 1987)
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