Abstract
The ever increasing incidences of non-healing skin wounds have paved way for many efforts on the convoluted process of wound healing. Unfortunately, the lack of relevance and success of modern wound dressings in healing of acute and diabetic wounds still remains a matter of huge concern. Here, an in situ three step approach was embraced for the development of nanocomposite (NCs) dressings by impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto a matrix of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from Syzygium cumini leaves using an environmental friendly approach. Topical application of NCs (ointments and strips) on acute and diabetic wounds of mice documented enhanced tissue repair (~99% wound closure) via decrease in inflammation; increase in angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and rate of neo-epithelialization that ultimately led to formation of aesthetically sound skin in lesser time than controls. Due to the synergistic action of CNCs (having high water uptake capacity) and AgNPs (anti-microbial agents), NCs tend to increase the expression of essential growth factors (FGF, PDGF and VEGF) and collagen while decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) at the same time, thus accelerating healing. The results suggested the potential of these developed anti-microbial, cytocompatible and nanoporous NCs having optimized AgNPs concentration as ideal dressings for effective wound management.
Highlights
Involves use of gauze, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, foams, films, ionic silver impregnated dressings, and composite polymer dressings viz. cellulose, cellulose acetate, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol etc.[7, 8]
We reported the acute wound healing potential of NCs containing bamboo cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and AgNPs prepared from 1 mM solution of AgNO316
CNCs (SC-CNCs) from S. cumini leaves using chemical treatments resulted in the isolation of pure cellulosic fibers by removal of lignin, pectin, and hemicelluloses[17]
Summary
Involves use of gauze, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, foams, films, ionic silver impregnated dressings, and composite polymer dressings viz. cellulose, cellulose acetate, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol etc.[7, 8]. Past reports have described the use of bacterial cellulose as wound dressings because of its high water absorption potential which aids in easy entrapment of exuding wound fluids[10, 11]. In-spite of all the endeavors, development of a perfect dressing still remains a challenging task owing to the profuse qualities required Towards this end, we report efforts to develop inexpensive, fabricated, absorbent, and biopolymer based nanocomposites (NCs) as dressings, fulfilling most of the desirable attributes for both acute as well as diabetic wound repair. We hypothesize that nanoporous plant CNCs would aid in keeping the wound moist by controlling wound exudates due to their high water retaining capacity
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