Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of an herbal extract compound oral rinse [StellaLife VEGA (SLife)] against relevant human cellular models of oral surgical wound healing. SL was compared to the gold standard for peri-/post-operative oral surgical use, i.e., Chlorhexidine (CHX) and to a commonly utilized essential-oil (EO) based antiseptic rinse. Fibroblasts and primary oral stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) were employed to assess its comparative cytotoxicity to the active comparator antiseptic rinses and its effects on wound healing in vitro. In cytotoxicity assays, multiple timepoints were tested ranging from clinically relevant of 60-s rinsing to protracted challenge of up to 5 min, to determine dose-dependent toxicity. The SLife group consistently demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity as compared to active comparators across experimental timepoints and different cells lines. At concentrations up to 20% v/v SLife-challenged fibroblasts and SCAPs demonstrated no significant toxicity as compared to unstimulated controls (p > 0.05). When assessing wound healing, a scratch wound assay revealed significantly accelerated cell migration for SLife as compared to CHX (p < 0.05). Notably, all active comparator antiseptic rinses affected wound healing responses by significantly reducing total collagen deposition after intermittent “rinsing” intervals that simulated post-surgical oral rinsing. Nonetheless, intermittent as well as continuous challenge of cells with SLife had a positive effect in functional collagen assays. An herbal extract compound-based oral rinse was found to be cytocompatible to cells critical to oral wound healing and to promote fibroblast migration and differentiation, contrary to existing antiseptic rinses that lack selective cytotoxicity.
Highlights
Herbal anti-inflammatory compounds have recently attracted interest as adjunct treatment in various interventional therapeutic procedures (Simsek et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2017)
When assessing the concentration dependent cytocompatibility of SLife, it was found that concentrations of up to 20% v/v of SLife did not demonstrate increased cytotoxicity as compared to culture media unstimulated controls for up to 5 min of incubation
Even at concentrations of 40–60% v/v the cytotoxicity of SLife was significantly less than what noted for 10% v/v solutions of CHX or EO in fibroblast cultures (Figure 1)
Summary
Herbal anti-inflammatory compounds have recently attracted interest as adjunct treatment in various interventional therapeutic procedures (Simsek et al, 2016; Lee et al, 2017). Cytocompatibility of an Herbal Compound Solution alternatives primarily act by enhancing wound healing in conjunction with oral surgical treatment (Laugisch et al, 2016) This mode of action provides a different therapeutic focus of post-operative oral therapeutic rinses from bacterial killing to host modulation for uncomplicated wound healing. Selective cytotoxicity is as important in order to selectively target toxicity to bacteria, while minimizing adverse toxic effects to host reparative cells (Kotsakis et al, 2016; Muller et al, 2017) This latter aspect has not been prioritized in the past because of a larger focus on antimicrobial effects of existing chemotherapeutics for oral wound healing. Echinacea extracts (Sharma et al, 2010) have demonstrated antibacterial effects at non-cytotoxic concentrations of extract, which appear to be due to multiple components rather than the individual chemical compounds
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