Abstract
Novel 316L stainless steel (SS) foam with 85% porosity and an open pore diameter of 70–440μm was developed for hard tissue application. The foam sheet with a 200-μm diameter had superior cell proliferation and penetration as identified through in vitro experiments. Calcification of human osteosarcoma cells in the SS foam was observed. Multi-layered foam preparation is a potential alternative technique that satisfies multi-functional requirements such as cell penetration and binding strength to the solid metal. In tensile tests, Young's modulus and the strength of the SS foam were 4.0GPa and 11.2MPa respectively, which is comparable with human cancellous bone.
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