Cytochrome P450 2B diversity in a dietary specialist—the red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus)

Abstract

AbstractAlthough herbivores rely on liver enzymes to biotransform plant secondary metabolites ingested in plant-based diets, only a few enzymes from a handful of species have been characterized at the genomic level. In this study, we examined cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) sequence diversity and gene copy number in a conifer specialist, the red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus). We fed captive individuals exclusively Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) foliage, cloned and sequenced their liver CYP2B cDNA, and estimated CYP2B gene copy number. We identified 21 unique CYP2B nucleotide sequences, and 20 unique CYP2B amino acid sequences. Gene copy number of CYP2B was estimated at 7.7 copies per haploid genome. We compared red tree vole CYP2B with CYP2B sequences of a generalist, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), found in GenBank. Our study revealed that the CYP2B enzymes of red tree voles possess unique sequences compared to CYP2B enzymes of other herbivorous species. The unique combination of amino acid residues at key substrate recognition sites of CYP2B enzymes may underlie the ability of the red tree vole to specialize on a highly toxic diet of Douglas-fir.