Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the development of rice microspores in anther culture in vitro, study the structure of androclinic callus to identify cyto-embryological features of the formation of morphogenic structures in anther culture, obtain doubled rice haploids (Oryza sativa L.) and accelerate the development of valuable breeding material with desired properties. Within the framework of this study, the results of a cyto-histological study of rice haploid androgenesis in vitro were obtained, which indicate that it is induced under the influence of phytohormones from rice anther microspores at the mononuclear or early binuclear stage of development. The abnormal development of microspores on nutrient media with phytohormone 2,4-D was traced, in which nuclei, having lost their characteristic functions, acquired the ability to unlimited division and growth with the formation of microcallus. The morphological structure of calli was assessed. The main morphotypes of callus tissues and the pathways of morphogenesis, leading to the formation of androgenic structures, up to full-fledged regenerant plants, were identified. Homozygous androgenic lines based on F1 and BC1 - rice generations obtained in the course of hybridization and backcrossing between Chinese samples carrying blast resistance genes and Russian accessiond were rapidly developed.
Highlights
The production of doubled haploids (DH plants) is an important link in classical plant breeding and in fundamental research [1]
Haploid biotechnology is still not widely used in practical breeding and fundamental research. [4, 5]. This is due to the low frequency of the release of embryoids, morphogenic calli, and regenerated plants in the isolated anthers and microspores culture in vitro (Lee and Lee, 2002) [6]
The aim of this study was to study the development of microspores in rice anther culture in vitro; identification of cyto-embryological features of the formation of morphogenic structures in the androclinic callus of rice; obtaining doubled rice haploids (Oryza sativa L.) and accelerated development of valuable breeding material with desired properties
Summary
The production of doubled haploids (DH plants) is an important link in classical plant breeding and in fundamental research [1]. It occupies a leading place in breeding programs to accelerate the process of developing highly productive hybrids and varieties of agricultural plants [2]. Modern production requirements dictate the need to use innovative methods for obtaining haploids / doubled haploids (DH) to accelerate breeding programs to improve rice varieties (Herawati et al, 2010) [3]. Genetic cleavage using haploids is less difficult and does not exceed the number of gamete classes, and a relatively small population is needed to isolate a certain combination of genes. The stage of development of the sporogenous cell, favorable for anther inoculation, largely determines the success of the cultivation of isolated anthers of both cereals and representatives of other families
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