Cyto-, fi broarchitectonics and vascularization of the external (red) zone of the coypu’s meniscus

Abstract

Meniscus injuries are recognized as the cause of significant morbidity of the musculoskeletal system. Features of the structural organization of the various meniscus zones are a necessaryfor understanding pathologies associated with the knee joint. This will expand and deepen micromorphological knowledge and practically apply during the choice of treatment tactics for meniscus preservation, suturing during reconstructive meniscus repair, reduce the risk of vascular injuries, and make it possible to use tissue engineering for meniscus regeneration. Indeed, today it is known that only the preservation of menisci or a slight ectomy of the inner zone, which cannot be restored with signifi cant injury, can preserve the health and biomechanics of the knee joint. The aim of our work was to determine the characteristics of the cyto- and fi bromorphological characteristics, as well as the degree of vascularization of the external (red) zone of the lateral and medial menisci of the knee joint in foot-moving coypus. A complex of histological and neurohistological research methods was used in the work. The patented neurohistological method of impregnation is performed in its own algorithm. The selection of animals was carried out according to the type of specialization of the limb to the substrate. As a result of histological examination, it was found that cyto-fi broarchitectonics of the external (red) zone of the latera l and medial menisci of the coypus has general biological signs, and species-specifi city is characteristic of vascularization. The external (red) zone of the coypu’s meniscus is similar in st ructure to the dense, formed connective tissue. Cytoarchitectonics is represented by of the fi broblastic typecells: fi brocytes, fi broblasts and undiff erentiated stem cells, which are localized between collagen fi bers individually, in pairs, in a chain or in short rows. Fibroarchitectonics – tightly packed bundles of collagen fi bers with a pronounced parallel orientation. The medial meniscus has saturated zones of intraorgan vascular nutrition due to dilated, anastomosing capillary branches formed by perforations with perimeniscal broad-loop microcirculation nets that occupy large areas and form vascular fi elds, as well as numerous vascular glomeruli. In the lateral meniscus, the vascularization zone is characterized by limited capillary branches, interval and small penetration by capillaries of the meniscus red zone, and limited, localized perimeniscal nets. Key words: fi brocytes, fi broblasts, collagen fi bers, vascularization, vascular glomeruli, external zone, red zone, meniscus, knee joint, coypu.