Cysticercus cellulosae Regulates T-Cell Responses and Interacts With the Host Immune System by Excreting and Secreting Antigens.

Xianmin Fan,Fengjiao Yang,Lingjun Wang,Bo Luo,Lizhu Li,Wei He,Meichen Liu,Biying Zhou,Nan Jiang,Renhui Ouyang,Yue Zhang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.728222

Xianmin Fan, Fengjiao Yang + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.728222

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Abstract

Cysticercus cellulosae (C. cellulosae) excretes and secretes antigens during the parasitic process to regulate the host immune response; however, resulting immune response and cytokine production in the host during infection still remains unclear. We used C. cellulosae crude antigens (CAs) as controls to explore the effect of excretory secretory antigens (ESAs) on T-cell immune responses in piglets. C. cellulosae ESAs induced imbalanced CD4+/CD8+ T-cell proportions, increased the CD4+Foxp3+ and CD8+Foxp3+ T-cell frequencies, and induced lymphocytes to produce interleukin-10, which was mainly attributed to CD4+ and CD4−CD8− T cells. The ESAs also induced Th2-type immune responses. The results showed that the ability of C. cellulosae to escape the host immune attacks and establish a persistent infection may be related to host immune response regulation by the ESAs.

Highlights

Taenia solium (T. solium) is a cestode parasite that has zoonotic importance and is harmful to human health
Piglet Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with excretory secretory antigens (ESAs) and crude antigens (CAs) for 48 h, the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subset expressions were detected via flow cytometry
The ESAs-induced CD8+ T cells increased to levels near those of ConA

Summary

Introduction

Taenia solium (T. solium) is a cestode parasite that has zoonotic importance and is harmful to human health. Its developmental stages include four life cycles: eggs, oncospheres, larvae, and adults (Arora et al, 2017). Both larval form of this parasite, termed as Cysticercus cellulosae and the adult worms, are responsible for human disease. Adult parasites of T. solium infected the human intestine and caused taeniasis, whereas, C. cellulosae infected the subcutaneous tissues, muscle, brain, eyes, and other sites of intermediate host and caused cysticercosis, and neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most serious form of the disease (Gonzales et al, 2016). Parasitic infections are an important public health problem worldwide (Gazzinelli-Guimaraes and Nutman, 2018).

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