Cystic Fibrosis: A Review Article

Abstract

Cystic Fibrosis is considered one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases that is associated with a decrease in the length of age in a Caucasian population. Also, it is considered as one of the most common life-shortening diseases in the white population in the United States. Cystic fibrosis affects around 30,000 people in the United States and more than 80,000 people worldwide. The incidence rate of this disease is 1 out of 3,500 births per year in the white population in the United States, while the incidence rate of the person becoming a carrier is 1:25 in the Caucasian population, the incidence of the disease is 1:2,500. The main cause for this disease is the mutation in Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. This disease is considered a life-threatening genetic disease that causes a buildup of thick, viscous mucus secretions in organ systems. Cystic Fibrosis is considered a multiple system disease, but in most cases, the disease gets worse and mortality increases because of respiratory manifestations such as bronchiectasis. Also, pancreatic damage in children is followed by severe wasting, malabsorption, and mortality is one of the recorded observations in children. This article aims to provide a brief introduction and the clinical picture of the disease, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Nutrition, Prevention, and good practice management advice. Keywords: Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, Review Article, Airway Clearance Therapy, Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene.