Abstract
‘Echinococcosis’ applies to 2 rather different diseases, due respectively to E. granulosus, ‘cystic echinococcosis’ (CE), and to E. multilocularis, alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Both species differ by their usual animal reservoir, i.e. mostly domestic animals, for E. granulosus, and mostly wild animals, for E. multilocularis. Other species of Echinococcus may also cause disease in humans, E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli have a clinical presentation similar to that of CE and AE, respectively. No specific disease has been attributed until now to the recently identified species, E. shiquicus. Based on their genetic characteristics, E. granulosus has been split into several species: E. granulosus sensu stricto (ex-sheep strain), E. felidis, E. equinus (ex-horse strain, never recognized to infect humans), E. ortleppi (ex-cattle strain), and E. canadensis (ex-camel, pig and cervid strains).
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