Cystatin C and β2 microglobulin in preeclampsia: a prospective study

Abstract

Objective To study the plasma levels of β-2-microglobulin (β2M) and cystatin C in patients with preeclampsia. Background The plasma level of cystatin C has been reported to have a better diagnostic performance for diagnosing preeclampsia. Patients and methods A prospective case–control study was carried out on 20 women diagnosed as having preeclampsia as well as 20 pregnant healthy. All patients attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital, Menoufia Governorate, and Suez Insurance Hospital, Suez Governorate, during the study period from December 2016 to November 2017. Full history, routine, physical examination, and other investigations were taken. Results Mean antepartum and postpartum serum cystatin C, mean antepartum and postpartum serum β2M, albuminuria, and creatinine were increased significantly in preeclamptic patient group than the normal pregnancy group. The mean serum level of cystatin C before delivery was 1.78 ± 0.58 and 1.19 ± 0.32, which reduced significantly to 1.31 ± 0.49 and 0.91 ± 0.18 after delivery among preeclamptic patient and normotensive pregnancy groups, respectively. The mean serum level of β2M before delivery was 2.49 ± 0.56 and 1.92 ± 0.64, which reduced significantly to 1.98 ± 0.43 and 1.58 ± 0.49 after delivery among preeclamptic patients and normotensive pregnancy group, respectively. Conclusion Maternal serum cystatin C and β2M concentrations were significantly higher in preeclampsia compared with the normotensives. Cystatin C and β2M can be used as significant and independent predictive factors affecting the occurrence of preeclampsia.