Cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle – Potential diagnostic pitfall: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Background: Cystadenomas of the seminal vesicles are benign cystic tumours, currently classified into the group of mixed epithelial-stromal tumours (MEST). Primary tumours arising in the seminal vesicles are quite rare, benign tumours being rarer than malignant ones, with only a few cases reported in the English literature since 1944. Cystadenomas represent a potential diagnostic pitfall, as they can be clinically confused with malignant neoplasms and histologically with non-neoplastic inflammatory lesions or other cystic tumours, even malignant. Objective and methods: We report a case of a 23-year-old man presenting with a cystic mass of the seminal vesicle, clinically suspected to be a malignant neoplasm. On pathological examination, a diagnosis of cystadenoma was made. Diagnostic criteria to make a diagnosis of this tumour are questionable. Therefore, we carried out a literature review in attempt to compare clinico-pathological findings of 28 cases reported in the English literature as cystadenomas of the seminal vesicle. Results: Only 28 cases of cystadenomas of seminal vesicles were reported in the English literature. The available data show the difficulty to rule out malignancy preoperatively in a patient with a solid-cystic mass in the pelvic region, and that morphological findings observed were often reported incompletely. Conclusions: The current classification appears debatable, as well as histopathological criteria to diagnose a cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle. For the proper management of these lesions, a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. Level of evidence: Not applicable