Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

Abstract

Different from rediploidization, occurring in reported tetraploid vertebrates, common carp underwent unique structure and expression processes to maintain the tetraploidization status (Figure 1). The common carp genome encodes almost double the gene and chromosome numbers of most diploid fish. Two subgenomes from different progenitors performed parallel structure evolution, leading to the shift from difference to similarity. Subgenome identities from homoeologs to genome syntenies were improved. Also, these two similar subgenomes performed versatile expression strategies and improved the expression plasticity and functional flexibility. The divergent strategies, by lowered expression, dosage compensation, increased expression correlation, and dynamic functionalization, have been observed for the first time. This genome provides new insights into the mode of vertebrate tetraploidization evolution. Analysis of the genome also identifies genetic variants to phenotypic diversities by domestication.