Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. Cyperus iria (Cyperaceae) possess several traditional therapeutic uses. According to the folklore tales, the whole plant of Cyperus iria possesses antihyperglycemic activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether aqueous-ethanol extract of Cyperus iria can ameliorate the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats along with appraisal of inflammatory and stress markers involved in endocrine dysfunction. Presence of biophenolics and flavonoids might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with Cyperus iria extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 days. Blood samples were collected. Metformin was used as positive control. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic (82.79±0.003 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (13.61±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) exhibited an excellent potential for both antioxidant (IC50= 3.22 μg/mL) and alpha amylase (IC50=36.29 μg/mL) inhibitory assays. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the existence of myercetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and ferulic acid. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract exhibits good tolerance against glucose at 90 min in normal rats. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia declined significantly at day 9 (265 mg/dL) along with improvement in inflammatory (TNF-α=15.6± 0.2 g/l, COX-2=357±0.396 U/l, IL-6= 572±0.99 pg/l) and oxidative stress markers (SOD= 163±0.616 and GSH-ST= 95.8±0.44 U/mL) along with biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Present study suggests that Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract possesses hypoglycemic potential which might be attributed to the decrease in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder with disrupted metabolism, associated with hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin production or insulin resistance
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of Myercetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Ferulic acid in Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract
Cyperus iria has not been validated for its folklore antidiabetic claim
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder with disrupted metabolism, associated with hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin production or insulin resistance. Extracellular hyperglycemia and intracellular hypoglycemia results due to reduced tissue uptake of glucose (Asmat et al 2016). There are many possible causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus but specific etiology remains unknown. Different agents are available for the treatment of diabetes. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are overweight and have fat accumulation in the abdominal region. Obesity itself causes insulin resistance up to some extent (Sabry et al 2019)
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