Abstract
CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress plays a central role in the development and progression of alcohol-induced liver injury. Ethanol-induced intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia with activation of Kupffer cells and production of cytokines such as TNFα also play a key role in ethanol liver injury. This review discusses studies in mice as to how oxidant stress from ethanol or pyrazole induction of CYP2E1 sensitizes the liver to the toxicity of TNFα and LPS and that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK and p38 MAPK plays a role in this potentiated hepatotoxicity. Thus, two independent risk factors believed to be important for alcohol liver injury, namely ethanol induction of CYP2E1 and ethanol-elevation of TNFα, interact with each other to promote liver injury.
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