Abstract
Chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) involve the generation of toxic products, which narrowed its biological application. Hence, we have developed a one-pot, green method for CuONP production employing the leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CLE). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the capping of CuONPs by CLE esters (CLE-CuONPs). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) showed phenolics, sugars, and proteins mediated nucleation and stability of CLE-CuONPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed CLE-CuONPs between 11.4 to 14.5 nm. Staphylococcus aureus-1 (MRSA-1), Staphylococcus aureus-2 (MSSA-2) exposed to CLE-CuONPs (1500 µg/mL) showed 51.4%, 32.41% survival, while Escherichia coli-336 (E. coli-336) exposed to 1000 µg/mL CLE-CuONPs showed 45.27% survival. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of CLE-CuONPs treated E. coli-336, MSSA-2 and MRSA-1 showed morphological deformations. The biofilm production by E. coli-336 and MRSA-1 also declined to 33.0 ± 3.2% and 49.0 ± 3.1% at 2000 µg/mL of CLE-CuONPs. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed 22.80 ± 2.6%, 19.2 ± 4.2%, and 16.2 ± 3.6% accumulation of Cu2+ in E. coli-336, MSSA-2, and MRSA-1. Overall, the data exhibited excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies of esters functionalized CLE-CuONPs, indicating its putative application as a novel nano-antibiotic against multi drug resistance (MDR) pathogenic clinical isolates.
Highlights
The popular choice for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis include the chemical and physical methods
The Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-1 (MRSA-1), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus-2 (MSSA-2), and Gram-negative extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESβL) producing Escherichia coli-336 (E. coli-336) clinical isolates was a kind gift from the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Biomolecules 2020, 10, 169
The yield of bio-inspired citratus leaves extract (CLE)-CuONPs was assessed by monitoring the characteristic UV-visible absorbance band in the range of 540-650 nm under varied concentrations of CLE (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% v/v), and pH (4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 12.0) of the reaction mixture
Summary
The popular choice for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis include the chemical and physical methods. The green method was developed for the synthesis of NPs using the biological approach. The capping agents, reducing agents, as well as the reaction solvents were considered important for the NPs synthesis via the green approach. The crude leaf extracts from different plants showed the presence of bio-active molecules including the proteins [6], polysaccharides [7], polyphenols [8], terpenoids [9], and esters [10].
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