Abstract
A compact, cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), using radio frequency signals to identify different liquids is proposed in this paper. The proposed CDRA sensor is excited by a rectangular slot through a 3-mm-wide microstrip line. The rectangular slot has been used to excite the CDRA for mode at 5.25 GHz. Circuit model values (capacitance, inductance, resistance and transformer ratios) of the proposed CDRA are derived to show the true behaviour of the system. The proposed CDRA acts as a sensor due to the fact that different liquids have different dielectric permittivities and, hence, will be having different resonance frequencies. Two different types of CDRA sensors are designed and experimentally validated with four different liquids (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water).
Highlights
Chemical sensors have been utilized for a long time to distinguish the purity/impurity of several liquids/chemicals to improve the course of action of those liquids/chemicals for an extensive variety of modern applications
Various types of sensors and sensor combinations are utilized for chemical sensing and material characterization in different industries; Sensors 2019, 19, 1200; doi:10.3390/s19051200
Several Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based sensors were designed for different sensing applications
Summary
Chemical sensors have been utilized for a long time to distinguish the purity/impurity of several liquids/chemicals to improve the course of action of those liquids/chemicals for an extensive variety of modern applications. Liquid/chemical sensing technology has gained much more advancement through the development of chip-based compact waveguides [9,10,11]. A high-quality factor, SIW resonator, having confined energies at the centre, is utilized as a humidity-sensing sensor [8]. A complementary split ring resonator-based sensor for liquid dielectric characterization is reported in [13], in which the material under testing is placed in a normal orientation to the sensor surface. Several Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based sensors were designed for different sensing applications. A cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna-based sensor is proposed and experimentally validated for different chemicals (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever DRA-based constructed sensor for chemical liquid detection. A minimal size, large frequency shift and high sensitivity make it a good candidate to be used for chemical sensing
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