Cyclotron resonance masers: State of the art

Abstract

Cyclotron resonance masers, gyrotrons and gyroklystrons, are dominant high-energy sources at millimeter wavelengths and still have considerable margins of power and efficiency. The present-day challenge of creating CW megawatt gyrotrons is associated with many problems, among which the output window problem is a key one. New results of the investigation of gyrotrons and gyroklystrons in Russia are reported. A state-of-the-art analysis of gyrotrons for plasma heating in fusion installations and technological applications as well as gyroklystrons for millimeter-wavelength radars is performed.