Cyclotron Resonance Maser With Zigzag Quasi-Optical Transmission Line: Concept and Modeling

Abstract

A microwave system in the form of a quasi-optical (QO) transmission line is proposed as an interaction circuit of an amplifier or an oscillator based on the cyclotron resonance maser (CRM) instability. The circuit consists of periodically spaced along the horizontal <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -axis focusing mirrors, which transport the Gaussian wave beam along a zigzag path with vertical and inclined segments. A beam of electrons having sufficiently high perpendicular velocities is guided by a static B-field along the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -axis so that the e-beam periodically crosses the wave beam. The CRM instability occurs in regions where an electromagnetic wave having a Bz-component, as in a gyrotron, propagates strictly across the e-beam resulting in the interaction with minimal sensitivity to particle velocity spread. Three-dimensional Particle-In-Cell (3-D PIC) simulations demonstrate the attractiveness of this “zigzag” CRM for the implementation of relatively broadband amplifiers or oscillators with unique (more than an octave bandwidth) frequency tunability at wavelengths of 1–2 mm.