Abstract
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase (COX), is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of COX: a constitutive COX-1 and an inducible COX-2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This record describes COX-2. COX-2 is highly conserved; human COX-2 shows 86%-89% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, sheep, bovine, horse and rabbit COX-2 proteins, respectively. Human COX-2 is expressed in a limited number of cell types and regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. The expression of this gene is de-regulated in epithelial tumors. COX-2 (prostaglandin H synthase, cyclooxygenase 2) regulates angiogenesis and cell migration, catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of inflammatory prostaglandins.
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