Abstract
A 10-year-old, intact male, pinscher was presented with unilateral bloodstained nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, zygomatic arch deformity, submandibular lymph node increase, blindness in right eye, and exophthalmia. After clinical examination, it was found that the animal presented with upper respiratory tract dyspnea origin, possibly caused by an obstructive process. Complete blood count (CBC), ocular ultrasonography, thoracic radiographs, mandibular lymph node, and nasal sinus fine needle aspiration were performed. The right mandibular lymph node excisional biopsy was conducted and a tumor sample was obtained through the nasal fistula at hard palate. The material was processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin, and COX-2 was performed. After histopathological evaluation nasal carcinoma diagnosis was obtained. Chemotherapy was established with carboplatin 300 mg/m2intravenously—four cycles with intervals of 21 days—and firocoxib 5 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for 7 months. After 7 months the treatment started, the animal presented with ataxia, vocalization, hyperesthesia, and anorexia. Due the clinical condition presented, the animal owner opted for performing euthanasia. The chemotherapy protocol was effective causing the disease stagnation, minimizing the clinical signs, and extending patient survival and quality of life.
Highlights
Nasal tumors are uncommon and represent approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs [1]
Nasal tumor histopathological evaluation is essential to establish the definitive diagnosis and computerized tomography is important for tumors extension evaluation in the nasal cavity [6]
Tumor staging can be based on skull radiographs or computerized tomography, thoracic radiographs, fineneedle aspiration, and cytological examination of enlarged palpably lymph nodes
Summary
Nasal tumors are uncommon and represent approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs [1]. Distant metastasis are rarely observed and when occur, prognosis is poor [2]. In cases of cranial involvement, tumor can cause neurological signs, especially seizures, but it only occurs in 20% of cases [5]. In these cases, the animal may present with pain, head pressing against the obstacles, and behavioral changes such as aggressiveness [6, 7]. Recent studies in spontaneous canine tumors and experimentally induced mouse tumors have shown that COX-2 inhibitors have antitumor and chemopreventive effects in several different types of cancer. No prospective studies evaluating the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors drugs in cases of nasal carcinomas. This paper reports clinical approach and describes a chemotherapy protocol in a dog with a primary nasal carcinoma presenting pulmonary and regional lymph node metastasis
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