Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) and its association with angiogenesis and clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). COX-2 expression was detected by means of immunohistochemistry in a series of human tissue samples with CRC (n = 120), dysplasia tissue closely adjacent to carcinomas (n = 40) and normal colorectal mucosa (n = 40), and their expressions association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31-labeled micorvessel density(MVD) in CRC and other clinicopathologic characteristics were investigated. The expression of COX-2 in CRC tissues (78.3%) was obviously higher than that in adjacent tissue and normal mucosal tissue (p<0.01). COX-2 expression was correlated significantly with the grading, advanced cancer, Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and VEGF (p<0.05). Our result demonstrates that COX-2 expression was significantly higher in earlier stages of CRC. It can be suggested that COX-2 expression may be important in the initial development of CRC. The findings of the present study suggest that COX-2 overexpression in CRC may be considered as a negative prognostic marker.
Highlights
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignant epithelial tumor that penetrates through muscularis mucosae into submucosa
We investigated the significance of COX-2 and vessels recognized by CD31 as endothelial markers by immunohistochemical staining in 120 cases of curatively resected CRC and analyzed the relationship between COX-2, ki-67, micorvessel density (MVD) expression with standard prognostic parameters, such as size, grade, metastases, and patient survival, in order to study the clinical and pathological characteristics associated with invasive CRC
The expression of COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MVD and ki-67 were measured by immunohistochemical ultrasensitive method (S-P method) staining in 120 cases of primary CRC, 40 cases of dysplasia tissue closely adjacent to carcinomas, and 40 cases of normal colorectal mucosa specimens with complete clinical data from 2002 to 2015
Summary
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignant epithelial tumor that penetrates through muscularis mucosae into submucosa. It varies considerably throughout the world, being one of the leading cancer sites in the developed countries (Al-Maghrabi et al, 2012; Dixon et al, 2013; Peng et al, 2013). Carcinoma prognosis is directly related to factors such as tumor size, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, and so on (Lavalle et al, 2009). Node involvement or distant metastases indicate a poor prognosis, worse overall and disease-free survival. Cellular conditions such as hypoxia lead to increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. COX-2 is an indu -cible enzyme that interferes with tumor development and angiogenesis, related to the inhibition of apoptosis through inhibition of the proapoptotic bax protein and overexpression of the antiapoptotic bcl-2 protein (Miglietta et al, 2010; Yi et al, 2014)
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