Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-based nano-sponges (NS) inclusion compounds (IC) with the anti-tumor drugs melphalan (MPH) and cytoxan (CYT), and the addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto both systems, for the potential release of the drugs by means of laser irradiation. The NS-MPH and NS-CYT inclusion compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–Vis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Thus, the inclusion of MPH and CYT inside the cavities of NSs was confirmed. The association of AuNPs with the ICs was confirmed by SEM, EDS, TEM, and UV–Vis. Drug release studies using NSs synthesized with different molar ratios of β-cyclodextrin and diphenylcarbonate (1:4 and 1:8) demonstrated that the ability of NSs to entrap and release the drug molecules depends on the crosslinking between the cyclodextrin monomers. Finally, irradiation assays using a continuous laser of 532 nm showed that photothermal drug release of both MPH and CYT from the cavities of NSs via plasmonic heating of AuNPs is possible.
Highlights
In recent years, nanotechnology has received increasing attention and consideration due to its potential to improve the effectiveness of various drugs that are currently being used in cancer treatment
The maximum absorbances for the guest molecules were converted to drug release percentages and compared with the total amount of drug that was aggregated in the system
We successfully promoted the release of MPH and CYT from the cavities of NSs via plasmonic heating of the AuNPs that were conjugated to the inclusion compounds (IC)
Summary
Nanotechnology has received increasing attention and consideration due to its potential to improve the effectiveness of various drugs that are currently being used in cancer treatment. Melphalan (MPH) and cytoxan (CYT) (Figure 1) are anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs classified as alkylating agents [5,6]. To overcome the limitations associated with anti-cancer agents and to minimize the adverse side effects, nano-materials and nano-porous systems (such as cyclodextrin-based nano-sponges (NS) have been synthesized and characterized, as they have great potential for applications in nano-therapies and drug delivery systems [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) show promising characteristics in drug delivery sy2s.tRemessu, latss athnedyDpirsecsuesnstiohnigh solubility, high stability in living systems and improved ki2n.1e.tiCcshafroarctderruizgatdioinstorfibtuhetiIoCns [30,31,32,33]. TThhies aprrtoictolensrewpoitrhtsin drthueg hreyldearosephstoubdiciecsauvsiitniegsNofSsthinecNluSssio(nHc3oamnpdoHun5)d, sasaswsoeclilaatsedthteo hAyudNroPxsyvligarpoluapsms (oOnHic phanodtotOhHer3m) idaisfoprlatyheedfitrhstetmimoes.tTphroesneoruenscueltds cchoeumldicbael osfhgifrtes,atwihnitcehrestraosntghlyeysucogngtersibtsuthee tocothmepulenxdaetirosntanofdtinhge dorfutghse. pTohteenptrioatlountsiloitny tohfe NouStssiadsesoccaivaitteidestof AthueNNPSssf(oHr 2t,hHe 4c,oann-d trHol6le) dalrseoleeaxspeeorifednrcuegd mchoelmeciuclaelssvhiaftslo. cIat lispphostositbhleermthiact ethffecdtsru. gs were included inside the cavities of the CD monomers, and on the multiple interstices of the NSs that
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