Abstract
In drug delivery, one widely used way of overcoming the biopharmaceutical problems present in several active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as poor aqueous solubility, early instability, and low bioavailability, is the formation of inclusion compounds with cyclodextrins (CD). In recent years, the use of CD derivatives in combination with nanomaterials has shown to be a promising strategy for formulating new, optimized systems. The goals of this review are to give in-depth knowledge and critical appraisal of the main CD-modified or CD-based nanomaterials for drug delivery, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, natural and synthetic polymeric nanocarriers, nanosponges, graphene derivatives, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, plasmonic and magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and other miscellaneous systems such as nanovalves, metal-organic frameworks, Janus nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Special attention is given to nanosystems that achieve controlled drug release and increase their bioavailability during in vivo studies.
Highlights
One of the most promising and versatile tools for the construction of new drug delivery systems are cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles do not have an intrinsic capacity to respond to stimuli; controlled drug release is achieved through chemical modification using polymers or supramolecular structures, among others
It is common for quantum dots to be incorporated into other nanomaterials for drug delivery, such as hydrogels, mesoporous silica, polymeric nanoparticles, or liposomes
Summary
One of the most promising and versatile tools for the construction of new drug delivery systems are cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives Their combined use with different nanomaterials has shown synergistic improvement, forming smart nanosystems with specific physicochemical properties and optimized key aspects, such as controlled release and the bioavailability of loaded drugs for different diseases. There are a large number of studies on smart delivery systems based on CDs, nanomaterials, or both, which incorporate targeting agents and respond to stimuli for controlled release Both CD derivatives and different nanomaterials are effective tools to increase the bioavailability of a pharmaceutical formulation. CDs, derivatives and nanomaterials open new therapeutic opportunities for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) that cannot be used effectively as conventional formulations, due to poor bioavailability or drug instability These alternative nanosystems make it possible to develop smart drug delivery vehicles for a particular disease, even applying personalized therapy. A classification of the main types of nanosystems is addressed, and their composition, strategies for controlled drug release, and the latest advances in bioavailability are discussed in depth (Figure 1)
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