Abstract
The rates of production of secondary metabolites obtained by employing conventional plant breeding may be low for practical purposes. Thus, innovative approaches for increasing their rates of production are being developed. Here, we propose the use of elicited plant suspension cultured cells (PSCC) with cyclodextrins (CDs) as an alternative method for the production of bioactive compounds from Bryophyllum species. For this purpose, we analyzed the effects of methyl–β–cyclodextrin and 2–hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin on cell culture growth and on the intra- and extracellular production of phenols and flavonoids. Results clearly show that CDs enhance the biosynthesis of polyphenols by PSCC favoring their accumulation outside the cells. CDs shift the homeostatic equilibrium by complexing extracellular phenolics, causing stress in cells that respond by increasing the production of intracellular phenolics. We also analyzed the radical scavenging activity of the culture medium extracts against 2,2–diphenyl–1–pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, which increased with respect to the control samples (no added CDs). Our results suggest that both the increase in the production of polyphenols and their radical scavenging activity are a consequence of their inclusion in the CD cavities. Overall, based on our findings, CDs can be employed as hosts for increasing the production of polyphenols from Bryophyllum species.
Highlights
The use of plant suspension cultured cells (PSCC) has emerged as a powerful biotechnological method for the production of plant-derived bioactive compounds of high added value that are widely employed in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries [1]
As CDs may act as hosts of a series of AOs, we investigated the formation of inclusion complexes between gallic acid (GA) and the propyl- (PG), butyl- (BG) and octyl- (OG) derivatives with hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin (HP–β–CD) and their antioxidant activity
Since all gallates form inclusion complexes with β–CD, and given that the EC50 values decrease upon addition of β–CD, we can conclude that the radical scavenging activity of complexed antioxidants is higher than those antioxidants that were uncomplexed, i.e., “free”, in the culture medium of BHSCC
Summary
The use of plant suspension cultured cells (PSCC) has emerged as a powerful biotechnological method for the production of plant-derived bioactive compounds of high added value that are widely employed in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries [1]. The industrial applications of bioactive compounds have arisen exponentially and many commercial products obtained from PSCCs have successfully entered the market as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer ingredients, among others [1]. The PSCC technology provides a rapid biomass growth and enables the production of bioactive compounds, making their scalability to industrial bioreactors easier [2], satisfying industrial requirements. The use of PSCC should face several difficulties, since, in some cases, the cells may lack the biosynthetic capacity required to produce the desired compounds under the experimental conditions employed [3]
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