Cyclin D1 expression in prostate carcinoma.

R.A Pereira,R.B Dos Reis,G.E.B Silva,M.S Lima,S Tucci,R.C Ravinal,V.F Muglia,R.S Costa

doi:10.1590/1414-431x20143240

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with prostate carcinoma. We assessed cyclin D1 expression by conventional immunohistochemistry in 85 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma and 10 normal prostate tissue samples retrieved from autopsies. We measured nuclear immunostaining in the entire tumor area and based the results on the percentage of positive tumor cells. The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.68±5.16 ng/mL (mean±SD). Cyclin D1 staining was positive (cyclin D1 expression in >5% of tumor cells) in 64 cases (75.4%) and negative (cyclin D1 expression in ≤5% of tumor cells) in 21 cases (including 15 cases with no immunostaining). Normal prostate tissues were negative for cyclin D1. Among patients with a high-grade Gleason score (≥7), 86% of patients demonstrated cyclin D1 immunostaining of >5% (P<0.05). In the crude analysis of cyclin D1 expression, the high-grade Gleason score group showed a mean expression of 39.6%, compared to 26.9% in the low-grade Gleason score group (P<0.05). Perineural invasion tended to be associated with cyclin D1 expression (P=0.07), whereas cyclin D1 expression was not associated with PSA levels or other parameters. Our results suggest that high cyclin D1 expression could be a potential marker for tumor aggressiveness.

Highlights

Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in men older than 50 years of age and is characterized by a highly variable clinical course [1,2]
Perineural invasion tended to be associated with cyclin D1 expression (P=0.07), whereas cyclin D1 expression was not associated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or other parameters
Perineural invasion tended to be associated with cyclin D1 expression (P=0.07), and 39 cases (60%) with perineural invasion were positive for cyclin D1 expression

Summary

Introduction

Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in men older than 50 years of age and is characterized by a highly variable clinical course [1,2]. Tumor markers enable cancer screening, differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, assessment of prognosis, therapeutic monitoring, and detection of tumor recurrence. Cyclin D1 is a short-lived nuclear protein that is degraded by the ATP ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis pathway and is involved in cell cycle transition from G1 (growth) to S phase (synthesis) in both normal and neoplastic cells [3,4]. Cyclin D1 overexpression prevents normal cell cycle regulation, causing uncontrolled cell proliferation, abnormal tissue growth, and transformation to a neoplastic phenotype, thereby acting as an oncogene [5]. Some studies have shown that cyclin D1 expression in prostate cancer is rare, whereas others report that prostate tumors with high cyclin D1 expression are associated with a more aggressive disease [6,7,8]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion