Abstract
Abstract Developments to a pneumatically operated simple shear apparatus for dry granular materials allowing application of cyclic shear and normal stresses are described. Boundary transducers were of only limited success for stress measurement so a prediction method for complete description of the stress state was used. Tests on uniform crushed limestone of 1.5- and 3-mm nominal sizes showed that increased volumetric strains were developed under cyclic normal stress and bidirectional shearing. Shear strains were not much influenced by cyclic application of the normal stress.
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