Abstract
The cyclic tensile behavior of steel-reinforced high strain-hardening ultrahigh-performance concrete (HSHUHPC) was investigated in this paper. In the experimental program, 12 HSHUHPC specimens concentrically placed in a single steel reinforcement under cyclic uniaxial tension were tested, accompanied by acoustic emission (AE) source locating technology, and 4 identical specimens under monotonic uniaxial tension were tested as references. The experimental variables mainly include the loading pattern, the diameter of the embedded steel rebar, and the level of target strain at each cycle. The tensile responses of the steel-reinforced HSHUHPC specimens were evaluated using multiple performance measures, including the failure pattern, load–strain response, residual strain, stiffness degradation, and the tension-stiffening behavior. The test results showed that the enhanced bond strength due to the inclusion of steel fibers transformed the failure pattern of the steel-reinforced HSHUHPC into a single, localized macro-crack in conjunction with a sprinkling of narrow and closely spaced micro-cracks, which intensified the strain concentration in the embedded steel rebar. Besides, it was observed that the larger the diameter of the embedded steel rebar, the smaller the maximum accumulative tensile strain under cyclic tension, which indicated that the larger the diameter of the embedded steel rebar, the greater the contribution to the tensile stiffness of steel-reinforced HSHUHPC specimens in the elastic–plastic stage. In addition, it was found that a larger embedded steel rebar appeared to reduce the tension-stiffening effect (peak tensile strength) of the HSHUHPC. Moreover, the residual strain and the stiffness of the steel-reinforced HSHUHPC were reduced by increasing the number of cycles and finally tended toward stability. Nevertheless, different target strain rates in each cycle resulted in different eventual cumulative tensile strain rates; hence the rules about failure pattern, residual strain, and loading stiffness were divergent. Finally, the relationship between the accumulative tensile strain and the loading stiffness degradation ratio under cyclic tension was proposed and the tension-stiffening effect was analyzed.
Highlights
Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC), as one of the current advanced high-performance cementitious composites, exhibits eminent mechanical properties: comparatively high compressive strength (≥120 MPa) and tensile strength (≥10 MPa), strain-hardening characteristics under tensile load for a given volume of discontinuous internal fibers, and excellent durability due to an optimized dense matrix as well [1,2,3]
In accordance with the UHPC design guidelines issued by the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland [4], UHPC can be categorized into three types: UO, UA, and UB
Since the tensile performance of UHPC mainly depends on fiber orientation and distribution to a large extent, it is proposed that steel rebars are configured in UHPC to further provide a significant improvement in structural behavior for steelreinforced UHPC components in practical applications [7]
Summary
Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC), as one of the current advanced high-performance cementitious composites, exhibits eminent mechanical properties: comparatively high compressive strength (≥120 MPa) and tensile strength (≥10 MPa), strain-hardening characteristics under tensile load for a given volume of discontinuous internal fibers, and excellent durability due to an optimized dense matrix as well [1,2,3]. Since the tensile performance of UHPC mainly depends on fiber orientation and distribution to a large extent, it is proposed that steel rebars are configured in UHPC to further provide a significant improvement in structural behavior for steelreinforced UHPC components in practical applications [7]. The variation in tensile behavior of UHPC is reduced due to the randomness of fiber orientation and distribution when steel rebars are configured.
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