Abstract
Rammed earth is widely utilized in both developed and developing countries due to its low embodied energy and good natural moisture buffering of indoor environments. However, its application in seismic active regions was limited owing to its intrinsically low resistance to dynamic actions. This paper presents the test results of four cement‐stabilized rammed earth walls with confining tie‐column elements under cyclic loading, aiming at assessing the cyclic behavior of proposed rammed earth walls with confining tie‐column elements. The test results revealed that the proposed confining tie‐column elements could significantly improve the cyclic behavior of cement‐stabilized rammed earth wall, exhibiting good strength and ductility.
Highlights
Rammed earth is an ancient construction technique and has been widely used around the world for millennia [1,2,3]
Similar failure patterns were observed in the tested specimens while increasing displacement, as described below: Specimen Q-1: the damage started to occur at a drift of approximately 0.2%, and the first horizontal crack was observed at a distance of about 230 mm from the top of the ground beam
All the specimens exhibited a similar pattern of energy dissipation, namely, the energy dissipation kept on increasing as the drift level increased. e energy dissipation capacity of the confined rammed earth walls was obviously higher than that of Specimen SF at the same drift level, and this showed that the energy dissipation capacity of the confined rammed earth walls mainly depends on the rammed earth rather than the confining tie-column elements
Summary
Rammed earth is an ancient construction technique and has been widely used around the world for millennia [1,2,3]. A natural and sustainable construction material, has the advantages of low embodied energy, high workability, sound insulation, fire resistance, natural moisture buffering [4], low CO2 emissions, high recyclability, and good thermal inertia [5]. There is a growing interest in using low carbon and low embodied energy materials throughout the world in the context of sustainable building. Among these materials, rammed earth has gradually attracted people’s attention and captured the interest of many researchers in recent years due to its low embodied energies and low life cycle cost [13,14,15]
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