Cycle, canopy architecture and yield of common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Santa Catarina State

Marcio Zilio,Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho,Adelina Ferreira Michels,David Jose Miquelluti,Clovis Arruda Souza

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v35i1.15516

Marcio Zilio, Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v35i1.15516

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the plant cycle and plant habit and the effect on yield in landrace bean genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Joacaba and Lages, Santa Catarina State for the 2008/2009 crop using 26 bean genotypes: 22 landrace and 4 commercial genotypes obtained from the UDESC. We evaluated the number of days from emergence to flowering, number of days from flowering to physiological maturity and number of days from emergence to physiological maturity in relation to the genotypes' cycle. The aerial plant architecture characteristics evaluated were the growth habit, plant habit, plant height, stem diameter, height of the first pod insertion and number of nodes on the main stem. Trail analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the emergence-to-flowering period and yield and that the emergence- physiological maturity; flowering-physiological maturity showed a negative correlation to the yield in both locations. Therefore, short-cycle genotypes, especially those with a reduced post-flowering period, produced increased yields. The aerial plant architecture characteristics showed phenotypic and genotypic positive correlations with the yield in both environments. To increase yield, the reproductive period needs to coincide with periods of the greatest photosynthetically active radiation.

Highlights

The planting of short-cycle bean genotypes presents various advantages: making better use of the cultivation area; allowing for a more favorable period for sowing and harvesting; reducing climatic stress, disease occurrence and harvest losses; Acta Scientiarum
The number of days from emergence to flowering has been used by researchers to define Maringá, v. 35, n. 1, p. 21-30, Jan.-Mar., 2013 early-maturing characteristics (RAMALHO et al, 2005; SILVA et al, 2007)
The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Joaçaba, Santa Catarina State (27°10' S, 51°30' W, 522 meters above sea level) and Lages, Santa Catarina State (27°52' S, 50°18' W, 930 meters above sea level) for the 2008/2009 crop using 26 genotypes, including 22 landrace genotypes and 4 commercial genotypes, obtained from the common bean germplasm bank, named ‘Banco Ativo de Feijão’ (BAF) of the ‘State University Santa Catarina’ (UDESC)

Summary

Introduction

The planting of short-cycle bean genotypes presents various advantages: making better use of the cultivation area; allowing for a more favorable period for sowing and harvesting; reducing climatic stress, disease occurrence and harvest losses; Acta Scientiarum. Due to the early harvest, early-maturing beans can provide a better profit for the farmer (DALLA CORTE et al, 2003). 21-30, Jan.-Mar., 2013 early-maturing characteristics (RAMALHO et al, 2005; SILVA et al, 2007). The flowering initiation characteristic shows a high heritability and a high and positive correlation with physiological maturity (SILVA et al, 2007). Genotypes with the shortest emergence-flowering period may not be the earliest to mature, suggesting that it is not always the early-flowering genotypes that will have the shortest cycles (RIBEIRO et al, 2004)

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