Abstract
Modelling of pathological processes in cells is one of the most sought-after technologies of the 21st century. Using models of such processes may help to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the literature, dedicated to obtaining and investigating cybrid models. Besides, the possibility of modeling pathological processes in cells and treatment of different diseases using the models was evaluated. Methods of obtaining Rho0 cell cultures showed that, during their creation, mainly a standard technique, based on the use of mtDNA replication inhibitors (ethidium bromide), was applied. Cybrid lines were usually obtained by PEG fusion. Most frequently, platelets acted as donors of mitochondria. According to the analysis of the literature data, cybrid cell cultures can be modeled to study the dysfunction of the mitochondrial genome and molecular cellular pathological processes. Such models can be very promising for the development of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of various human diseases.
Highlights
Modelling of pathological processes in the cells is one of the most sought-after technologies of the 21st century
Great success has been achieved in the implementation of genetic constructs, containing nuclear gene mutations associated with pathologies, into cell cultures
Polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG 1500) acts as a factor affecting the cytoplasmic membrane of cells. This method was used in researches on the creation of cytoplasmic hybrids based on NT2 teratocarcinoma [15], cell line 143B.TK− osteosarcoma of human [23,24,25] and neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y [26]
Summary
Modelling of pathological processes in the cells is one of the most sought-after technologies of the 21st century. With the use of such models, it may become possible to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of various diseases. Efforts to transfer genes, which do not have mutations, in human cells and tissues for the treatment of certain diseases, were made by the scientists throughout the world. Great success has been achieved in the implementation of genetic constructs, containing nuclear gene mutations associated with pathologies, into cell cultures. Afterwards, such structures were embedded into the nuclear genome. Scientists began to pay more and more attention to cybrid cultures that are more suitable models for the detection of pathological mechanisms and the development of approaches to the treatment of mitochondrial cytopathies and other diseases associated with mutations in mtDNA
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