Abstract
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the combination of physical, networking, and computational processes. With feedback loops where physical processes influence calculations and vice versa, embedded systems and networks monitor and manage the physical processes. With the use of abstractions and modelling, design, and analytic approaches, CPS blends the dynamics of physical processes with those of software and networking. Standards, protocols, and test techniques that facilitate the discovery, interoperability, and composition of components required to create these CPS will foster innovation while also improving economic viability and enable systems to become more efficient and resource efficient. This chapter presents the basic mechanisms of the CPS such as workflow, characteristics, simple structure, and major applications of CPS. Also, the chapter analyzes the design considerations of CPS based on the security, trust management, energy-efficiency, reliability, service composition, and resource provisioning aspects.
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