Abstract
Recently, vast investments have been made worldwide in developing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) as solutions to key socio-economic challenges. The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has also enjoyed widespread adoption, mostly for its ability to add “sensing” and “actuation” capabilities to existing CPS infrastructures. However, attention must be paid to the impact of IoT protocols on the dependability of CPS infrastructures. We address the issues of CPS dependability by using an epidemic model of the underlying dynamics within the CPS’ IoT subsystem (CPS-IoT) and an interference-aware routing reconfiguration. These help to efficiently monitor CPS infrastructure—avoiding routing oscillation, while improving its safety. The contributions of this paper are threefold. Firstly, a CPS orchestration model is proposed that relies upon: (i) Inbound surveillance and outbound actuation to improve dependability and (ii) a novel information diffusion model that uses epidemic states and diffusion sets to produce diffusion patterns across the CPS-IoT. Secondly, the proposed CPS orchestration model is numerically analysed to show its dependability for both sensitive and non-sensitive applications. Finally, a novel interference-aware clustering protocol called “INMP”, which enables network reconfiguration through migration of nodes across clusters, is proposed. It is then bench-marked against prominent IoT protocols to assess its impact on the dependability of the CPS.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
The failure of a single component could cascade into large-scale, system-wide failures as a result of the interconnection between the various components. The management of such complexity will require accurate modelling in order to guarantee the dependability of the Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and the safety of the critical infrastructures it controls; The impact of IoT standards on CPS: Current generation CPS are often managed by Orchestration Systems (OS), wherein physical processes are controlled by networks of sensors, actuators, and controllers
This paper addressed the issue of the dependability of CPS by using mathematical epidemiology to model the CPS’ IoT subsystem (CPS-IoT) monitoring process and proposed a new reconfiguration protocol that uses network partitioning through clustering and nodes migration between clusters to restore the safety of CPS-IoT subsystems
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are a new generation of systems that play a key role in interconnecting the physical and virtual worlds. Internet-of-Things (IoT) principles are finding their way into generation CPS, enabling extended interactive functionality between the physical and virtual environments through “sensing” and “actuation”. By combining CPS and IoT, we gain the ability to infuse computing and communication capabilities into the dynamics of physical and engineered systems. This combination is expected to provide different ways of interacting and manipulating physical systems, through seamless network connectivity and refined user control over the actuation side. CPS are key 4IR components whose dependability is paramount to the operation of today’s critical infrastructures. CPS dependability is among one of the most desirable characteristics of future CPS
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