Abstract
The integration of things’ data on the Web and Web linking for things’ description and discovery is leading the way towards smart Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS). The data generated in CPS represents observations gathered by sensor devices about the ambient environment that can be manipulated by computational processes of the cyber world. Alongside this, the growing use of social networks offers near real-time citizen sensing capabilities as a complementary information source. The resulting Cyber–Physical–Social System (CPSS) can help to understand the real world and provide proactive services to users. The nature of CPSS data brings new requirements and challenges to different stages of data manipulation, including identification of data sources, processing and fusion of different types and scales of data. To gain an understanding of the existing methods and techniques which can be useful for a data-oriented CPSS implementation, this paper presents a survey of the existing research and commercial solutions. We define a conceptual framework for a data-oriented CPSS and detail the various solutions for building human–machine intelligence.
Highlights
The emerging computing paradigm of Cyber–Physical–Social Systems (CPSS) builds on the technology developments in Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) and Cyber–Social Systems (CSS) [1,2,3].As depicted in Figure 1, a variety of sensors and actuators monitor the behavior and phenomena in the physical world and the resultant data are moved to the cyber world, where they are analyzed to infer the state of the physical world and generate corresponding digital representations of the involved physical entities [4,5]
We recognize that the communication elements are not the focus in a CPSS framework conceptualization since they can be assumed to be taken into account by the public/private institutions deploying the sensor networks, part of the enabling technologies (3 G, 4 G or WiFi networks) in the case of mobile crowd-sensing by smartphone-accompanied citizens or implicitly present as is the case in crowd observations posted on online social networks
Another possible aligned approach concerned with non-stationary environments, which are typical in CPSS scenarios, is that of learning in dynamic or evolving environments
Summary
The emerging computing paradigm of Cyber–Physical–Social Systems (CPSS) builds on the technology developments in Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) and Cyber–Social Systems (CSS) [1,2,3]. Implementations of CPSS applications are emerging in everyday life in smart urban systems, in domains as varied as command and control, smart environments, smart transportation, smart social production systems and so on [19,30,31,32,33,34,35] Such applications rely on efficient monitoring of the urban physical infrastructure and ambient environment and combine the collected data through intelligent cyber processes to deliver improved services to citizens; for example, by adjusting traffic signal timings based on vehicle and cyclist arrival information [19,36], developing sustainable waste management systems [37].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
