Abstract
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is the amalgamation of highly sophisticated sensors with physical spaces. These close conjunctions of sensors with communication infrastructure intrinsically linking to society’s Critical Infrastructures (C.I.) are being witnessed more often in the context of Smart Grid (SG). As a backbone of C.I., Smart Grid demonstrates ability to precisely monitor large scale energy systems and designed in order to achieve complex local and global objectives. Being capable of performing such sophisticated operation it also bears the vulnerability of being exposed for cyber-physical co-ordinated attack that may lead to catastrophic effect. Many researchers have analyze the different stages of cyber-physical co-ordinated attacks like attack detection, prevention, impact analysis and recovery plans but there exist a research gap to address all the issues under single framework. Through this paper, we propose a novel Cyber Physical Defense Framework (CPDF) based on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines to address the cyber attack on SG. Our work addresses the pre and post attack scenario, attack vector formulation through hierarchical PetriNet modeling and recovery mechanism. We have performed experiment for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and False Data Injection attack (FDI) to validate our framework effectiveness and established the efficacy of proposed model. In the end, we have presented a case study of FDI attack detection using machine learning technique on IEEE 9-bus and 14-bus system.
Highlights
Smart cities can be defined as cities that incorporate information and communication technology in order to provide benefits such as efficiency, reduced cost, convenience and higher quality of life
We propose a novel Cyber Physical Defense Framework (CPDF) based on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines to address the cyber attack on Smart Grid (SG)
The implementation of the aggregation algorithm for Petri nets, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) IDS using One Class Support Vector Machine (OC-Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and False Data Injection attack (FDI) IDS using k-means and OCSVM have been performed to highlight the benefits of the Framework
Summary
Smart cities can be defined as cities that incorporate information and communication technology in order to provide benefits such as efficiency, reduced cost, convenience and higher quality of life. For the successful functioning of a smart city the energy infrastructure must integrate information and communication technology appropriately. This energy infrastructure network, referred to as a Abbreviations: CAC, Central Access Controller; CC, Control Center; C.I., Critical Infrastructures; CPDF, Cyber Physical Defense Framework; CPS, Cyber-Physical Systems; D, Distributor; DAU, Data Aggregation Unit; DDoS, Distributed Denial of Service; DER, Distributed Energy Resources; FDI, False Data Injection; G, Generator; ICT, Information and Communication Technology; IED, Intelligent Electronic Device; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; OC-SVM, One Class Support Vector Machine; PGU, Power Generation Unit; PLC, Power Line Communication; SGAM, Smart Grid Architecture Model; SM, Smart Meter; SMDC, Smart Meter Data Controller. A smart grid on the other hand communicates relevant information across the grid and makes use of resources like DERs, thereby increasing awareness and resulting in a more transparent, energy efficient, cost effective and reliable system [4]. Physical tampering can be detected through the use of sensors that give updates on the status of the physical infrastructure
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