Cyanogenic glycosides and their metabolic enzymes in barley, in relation to nitrogen levels

Abstract

The possible role for cyanogenic glycosides as nitrogen storage compounds was studied in barley, Hordeum vulgare (cv. Golf), cultivated under different nitrogen regimes. Cyanogenic glycosides were absent in seeds and roots but were synthesized in seedlings where they accumulated at a level of about 150 nmol shoot−1 in control plants and 110 nmol shoot−1 in nitrogen‐starved plants. An enzyme involved in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.‐) exhibited high activity in seeds and was also detected in roots and shoots. The activity of β‐cyanoalanine synthase (EC 4.4.1.9), which is involved in the metabolism of HCN, was low in seeds but very high in roots and shoots. There was no correlation between the activities of the two enzymes and the content of cyanogenic glycosides or nitrogen. The relative content of nitrogen in cyanogenic glycosides never exceeded 0.3% of total nitrogen, and the amount of cyanogenic glycosides decreased at a low rate even at a stage when nitrogen limitation inhibited growth.