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Abstract
Cyanobacteria, as photoautotrophic organisms, provide the opportunity to convert CO2 to biomass with light as the sole energy source. Like many other prokaryotes, especially under nutrient deprivation, most cyanobacteria are able to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as intracellular energy and carbon storage compounds. In contrast to heterotrophic PHA producers, photoautotrophic cyanobacteria do not consume sugars and, therefore, do not depend on agricultural crops, which makes them a green alternative production system. This review summarizes the recent advances in cyanobacterial PHA production. Furthermore, this study reports the working experience with different strains and cultivating conditions in a 200 L pilot plant. The tubular photobioreactor was built at the coal power plant in Dürnrohr, Austria in 2013 for direct utilization of flue gases. The main challenges were the selection of robust production strains, process optimization, and automation, as well as the CO2 availability.
Highlights
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as one of the most promising bioplastics
The reported studies show that inhibiting glycogen synthesis increases the PHB production, cells suffer as glycogen plays an important role
The results indicate the decrease in photosynthetic activity during nitrogen starvation, which can be considered a significant challenge to photoautotrophic PHB production
Summary
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as one of the most promising bioplastics. PHA is produced in large fermenters by heterotrophic bacteria, like Cupriavidus necator or recombinant Escherichia coli [3]. For these fermentation processes large amounts of organic carbon sources like glucose are necessary, accounting for approximately 50% of the total production costs [4]. The latest report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) clearly indicates anthropogenic CO2 emissions as the main driver for climate change [6]. Given these facts, cultivation of cyanobacteria for PHA production could be a more sustainable way of producing bioplastics
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