Abstract
(1) Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns energy to produce heat. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) can then enhance the thermogenic ability of BAT in vivo. However, the mechanism by which C3G regulates Ucp1 protein expression remains unclear. (2) Methods: In this study, C3H10T12 brown adipose cells and db/db mice and mice with high-fat, high-fructose, diet-induced obesity were used as the model to explore the effect of C3G on the expression of the Ucp1 gene. Furthermore, the 293T cell line was used for an in vitro cell transgene, a double luciferase reporting system, and yeast single hybridization to explore the mechanism of C3G in regulating Ucp1 protein. (3) Results: we identified that, under the influence of C3G, Prdm16 directly binds to the −500 to −150 bp promoter region of Ucp1 to activate its transcription and, thus, facilitate BAT programming. (4) Conclusions: This study clarified the mechanism by which C3G regulates the expression of the Ucp1 gene of brown fat to a certain extent.
Highlights
Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds that are abundant in dark-colored fruits, vegetables, and pigmented cereals
Through the animal experiments, it was found that C3G treatment could significantly increase the expression of the uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) gene of Brown adipose tissue (BAT) in db/db mice and mice with DIO
Through the animal experiments, it was found that C3G treatment could significantly increase the expression of the Ucp1 gene of BAT in db/db mice and mice 6with of 14
Summary
Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds that are abundant in dark-colored fruits, vegetables, and pigmented cereals Anthocyanin is a common component in functional foods for preventing cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases (including diabetes and metabolic syndrome), mainly due to its excellent antioxidant activity [2]. The carboxypyranoside -3-O-glucoside, in particular, exhibits a good inhibition effect on active oxygen generation and high structural stability [3]. A large number of studies have proven that anthocyanins offer a variety of therapeutic effects, including that of increased energy expenditure and of limiting weight gain provided by Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) [4]. Available anti-obesity strategies are largely dependent on limiting energy uptake and/or absorption, but these tend to have little effect and often cause unwanted side effects [6,7].
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