Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide gas and liquid, cyanide salts and their derivatives (acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, cyanamide, nitroprusside and thiocyanates) are used widely in industry. Cyanides are components of electroplating solutions, fertilizers, fumigant mixtures, metal polishes and rodenticides. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of synthetic rubber. Cyanide poisoning may occur as a result of inhalation or ingestion of cyanide, or one of its salts or derivatives. Hydrogen cyanide and other organic cyanides are released during thermal decomposition of polyurethane foams used in the manufacture of furniture, and contribute to mortality in smoke inhalation. Prolonged or excessive therapeutic use of nitroprusside may lead to cyanide toxicity and metabolic acidosis. Cyanide poisoning may also result from ingestion of the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin (vitamin B17), which is found in the kernels of almonds, apples, apricots, cherries, peaches, plums and other fruits.
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