Abstract
CXCL14, a relatively novel chemokine, is a non-ELR (glutamic acid-leucine-arginine) chemokine with a broad spectrum of biological activities. CXCL14 mainly contributes to the regulation of immune cell migration, also executes antimicrobial immunity. The identity of the receptor for CXCL14 still remains obscure and therefore the intracellular signaling pathway is not entirely delineated. The present review summarizes the contribution of CXCL14 in these two aspects and discusses the biological mechanisms regulating CXCL14 expression and potential CXCL14 mediated functional implications in a variety of cells.
Highlights
Chemokines are 8–14 kDa chemoattractant cytokines mainly regulating cell migration that play an important role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and cancer [1,2,3]
Schaerli et al.,. demonstrated a role of CXCL14 and the epidermal environment in selectively recruiting blood CD14+ dendritic cells (DCs) precursors to be differentiated into epidermal Langerhans cells under steady-state condition by using a human epidermal tissue model, which is consistent with the constitutive expression of CXCL14 in the epidermis of healthy skin [15, 16]
The N-terminal region of CXCL14 is critical for its antimicrobial activity, at least, against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the CXCL14 fragment showed no chemoattractant effect for human blood monocytes at micromolar concentrations [62]
Summary
Chemokines are 8–14 kDa chemoattractant cytokines mainly regulating cell migration that play an important role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and cancer [1,2,3]. Background Chemokines are 8–14 kDa chemoattractant cytokines mainly regulating cell migration that play an important role in immune surveillance, inflammation, and cancer [1,2,3]. Another study showed CXCL14, as a much highly expressed gene in taste buds of tongue from human, and it could be secreted into the saliva suggesting an immune surveillance function for this protein in line with the presence of leukocytes in human saliva [17, 18].
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